Prospective use of fuel cells in automotive industrie is closely connected to either availability of hydrogen from on-board storage or from in-situ generation of hydrogen by reforming of liquid or gaseous feedstocks (gasoline, methanol, methane). As oxidizing agent, the air oxygen under pressure 0.2 MPa to 0.4 MPa is let through the fuel cell battery at the conversion coefficient 0.4 to 0.6. When air oxygen is replaced with pure oxygen from electrolysis of water, no purification from carbon oxides and dust is necessary. At the voltage 0.8 V and pressure 0.4 MPa, the current density from the cell battery can be 4 times increased when pure oxygen is used instead of air in the fuel cells with proton-exchange polymeric membranes. The electrochemical Foton generator (consisting of more than 100 elementary cells) used in the Russian space ship Burano showed a life time of 2000 h under load up to 10 kW at 99 deg C and pressure 0.4 MPa. The hydrogen consumption was 11.1 g/Ah. The chemical generators Foton 100 and 102 were built in 1990 and successively operated up to 2000. The high stability of battery voltage after 5300 h of operation was pointed out (deviation below 20 mV). The phosphoric acid cells are insensitive against acidic impurities in the gas stream in contrary to the alkaline cells and are now mostly used over the world. The total world-wide power generated in the phosphoric-acid fuel cell-based power plants is now 24.2 MW while that of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell-based plants is only 1.37 MW and solid oxide cell-based plants only 1.365 MW.


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    Titel :

    Alkaline, proton-exchange membrane and phosphoric acid fuel cells


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Titel russisch


    Beteiligte:
    Golin, J.L. (Autor:in) / Kondratev, D.G. (Autor:in) / Matrenin, V.I. (Autor:in) / Ovcinnikov, A.T. (Autor:in) / Stichin, A.S. (Autor:in) / Scipanov, I.V. (Autor:in)

    Erschienen in:

    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2006


    Format / Umfang :

    5 Seiten, 6 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 12 Quellen



    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Russisch