A 1D electrochemical, lumped thermal model is used to explore pulse power limitations and thermal behavior of a 6Ah, 72 cell, 276V nominal Li-ion hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) battery pack. Depleted/saturated active material Li surface concentrations in the negative/positive electrodes consistently cause end of high-rate (approximately 25C) pulse discharge at the 2.7Vcell-1 minimum limit, indicating solid-state diffusion is the limiting mechanism. The 3.9Vcell-1 maximum limit, meant to protect the negative electrode from lithium deposition side reaction during charge, is overly conservative for high-rate (approximately 15C) pulse charges initiated from states-of-charge (SOCs) less than 100%. Two-second maximum pulse charge rate from the 50% SOC initial condition can be increased by as much as 50% without risk of lithium deposition. Controlled to minimum/maximum voltage limits, the pack meets partnership for next generation vehicles (PNGV) power assist mode pulse power goals (at operating temperatures >16 degrees C), but falls short of the available energy goal. In a vehicle simulation, the pack generates heat at a 320W rate on a US06 driving cycle at 25 degrees C, with more heat generated at lower temperatures. Less aggressive FUDS and HWFET cycles generate 6-12 times less heat. Contact resistance ohmic heating dominates all other mechanisms, followed by electrolyte phase ohmic heating. Reaction and electronic phase ohmic heats are negligible. A convective heat transfer coefficient of h=10.1Wm-2K-1 maintains cell temperature at or below the 52 degrees C PNGV operating limit under aggressive US06 driving. (All rights reserved Elsevier).
Power and thermal characterization of a lithium-ion battery pack for hybrid-electric vehicles
Journal of Power Sources ; 160 , 1 ; 662-673
2006
12 Seiten, 30 Quellen
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Englisch
Power and thermal characterization of a lithium-ion battery pack for hybrid-electric vehicles
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