The use of Pipe in Pipe systems for the thermal insulation of pipelines is well established. However, increasingly developments have recognised the additional benefits that include mechanical resistance to upheaval or lateral buckling and impact. Polyurethane (PU) foam is becoming a common material for the insulating medium in Pipe in Pipe systems that can deliver all these benefits economically. In many new developments the temperatures of the produced fluids expose the PU insulation to conditions where the material experiences a loss of properties during the life of the pipeline. As the thermal and mechanical requirements of pipe in pipe systems increase, the demands on the tools required for prediction and design also increase. Through the execution of recent PU foam insulated projects the understanding and applicability of the current testing regimes has improved. This paper outlines the issues encountered, the steps taken to overcome them and presents suggestions for improving the design tools for future applications. The paper suggests how the existing testing regime could be augmented to give improved data to designers, installers and operators. The standard EN253 will continue to offer a rigorous analysis of foam properties, and can be used with confidence for material and process qualification. Due to the different requirements of sub-sea applications it is certain that a new or modified standard will be required to encompass all the performance indicators. The work outlined in this paper indicates that the axial strength of a pipe-in-pipe system will be a limiting factor in design as the applications become more demanding. As yet the limits of the performance are not yet known.
Predicting and qualifying the long-term behaviour of polyurethane foam in sub-sea pipe-in-pipe systems
2005
13 Seiten, 8 Bilder, 4 Tabellen, 11 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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