Limited and nonlimited emissions of scooters were analysed during several annual research programs of the Swiss Agency of Environment Forests and Landscape (SAEFL, BUWAL). Small scooters, which are very much used in the congested centers of several cities are a remarkable source of air pollution. Therefore every effort to reduce the emissions is an important contribution to improve the air quality in urban centers. In the present work detailed investigations of particle emissions of different 2-stroke scooters with direct injection and with carburetor were performed. The nanoparticulate emissions with different lube oils and fuels were measured by means of SMPS, (CPC) and NanoMet). Also the particle mass emission (PM) was measured with the same method as for Diesel engines. It can be stated, that the oil and fuel quality have a considerable influence on the particle emissions, which are mainly oil condensates. The engine technology influences the (nano)particle emissions by: mixture preparation, mixture tuning, oil consumption, postoxidation, quality, condition and temperature of the catalyst. Since the particulate emission of the 2-S consists mainly of lube oil condensates the minimization of oil consumption stays always an important goal. Following conclusions can be pointed out: the composition of emitted aerosol depends on engine technology (DI-Carb.), exhaust gas aftertreatment (texh, SAS) and the used oil and fuel. The differences of the aerosol are visible by thermoconditioning of the sample. The influences of lube oils on the particle emissions from previous works could be confirmed on the scooter with DI and gasoline and they are slightly modified on the Carb. scooter. Changing the fuel quality (Aspen) may increase the condensates with one oil and lower the condensates with another oil. Due to an intense oxidation in the exhaust ofthe Carb. scooter the particle mass emission PM is very little and it is almost independent on lube oil quality. Due to a high exhaust temperature ofthe Carb. scooter there are sulfates as condensates in the nuclei mode of the PSD-spectra. There is a clear evidence of coinfluences of oil & fuel on the spontaneous condensation and on the particle emission parameters. The sampling procedure: conditioning of the sample gas probe, dilution and sampling position have influence on the measured aerosol characteristics (PM, PSD, PAS, DC).
Influencing (nano)particle emissions of 2-stroke scooters
Beeinflussung der (Nano-)Partikelemissionen von Zweitakt-Motorrollern
incl. COST 346 - Final Conference, Transport and Air Pollution, International Symposium, 14 ; 148-157
2005
10 Seiten, 11 Bilder, 7 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Influencing (Nano)Particle Emissions of 2-Stroke Scooters
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