For traffic safety full concentration is required from the drivers: this can be significantly improved by providing comfortable thermal conditions and odour free air supply in a vehicle cabin room for relaxed driving. Keeping the environment clean for the next centuries, the systems used in vehicles for heating, ventilating and cooling purposes should use environmentally friendly solutions. The ideal vehicle air conditioner will be one in which all three points are fulfilled: -comfort; -environmentally friendly; -small size, light-weight, reliable. The duty of a vehicle air conditioner is to achieve a comfortable feeling in the vehicle cabin room, independent from the outside environmental conditions. To achieve the comfort target, the special conditions of the vehicle operation conditions and the space limitations have to be considered. As a general trend of reducing the fuel consumption, A/C systems should not increase significantly the direct or indirect fuel consumption (direct: due to compressor driving power, indirect: due to additional weight). The A/C systems should minimise the weight and size of their components. For human beings feeling comfortable depends on several factors: ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, irradiation, activity level, clothes. When the person is satisfied in mind with the thermal environment, it is called thermal comfort. In this stage the thermal equilibrium is achieved. During the development stage of an A/C system a comparable comfort level judgement in a quantitative way is necessary. Like this the influence of several modifications to the comfort feeling will become measurable. One of the future tasks will be a further improved comfort feeling by optimising the distribution of warm and cold air flow under limited spatial circumstances. This leads to the development of a new system, called 'Thermal Mannequin'. Several methods exist at the present: 1. Use of a heated Thermal Mannequin with which functions like generation of body heat flux, heat radiation as well as perspiring can be simulated and used to calculate the amount of heat absorbed from and released to the environment; 2. A human thermal model with which physical factors of the environment (temperature, air velocity, humidity, radiation) as well as human factors (clothes, movements) can be used as inputs to calculate the thermal sensation. The paper presents this development in detail. One of the latest developments in this field of automatic climate control is neural network. The paper gives a first overview to this theme and also about other possibilities for comfort feeling improvement and environmentally friendly air conditioners.
Heating, ventilating, air conditioning - State of the art
Heizung, Lüftung, Klimatisierung - Stand der Technik
2002
21 Seiten, 28 Bilder, 9 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Pkw (Personenkraftwagen) , Lüftung , Klimaanlage , Behaglichkeit , Kraftstoffverbrauch , experimentelle Untersuchung , instationärer Zustand , Temperaturbereich , Feuchtegehalt , Thermodynamik , Wärmeübertragung , Wärmestromdichte , Sensorik , Temperaturregelung , neuronales Netzwerk , Luftreinigung , Kältemittel , Heizsystem , Kühlaggregat
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