Advancements in rehabilitation, maintenance, monitoring, predictive, and operational control technologies have reached the stage that long distance transmission pipelines can provide reliable and safe service without imposing safety regulations that previously were based on inaccurate assessment of pipeline systems maintainability and operation. United Nations Gas Fact indicates that there are over 3.5 million kilometers of pipelines including gathering, offshore, and main distribution lines installed in the world. Today there are over 300,000 kilometers of pipeline within Alberta. Over 98% of pipelines are buried. No matter how well these pipelines are designed, constructed, and protected, once in place they are subjected to environmental abuse, external damage, coating disbondments, inherent mill defects, soil movements/instability, and third-part damage, etc. Historical operating pressure indicates a growth of 200 kPa in 1910 (diameters up to 16") to the 15,000 kPa in the 1990's (diameters up to 56"). In the early part of the 1900's pipelines used low-strength steel, with the change in technology occurring in the 1960's by the introduction of high-strength, low-alloy steels. In the early 1970's, Grade X-70 steel was used for the first time in a gas pipeline. During the 1990's, Grade X-80 steel started to become widely used in larger diameters and recently Grade X-100 is being considered for future projects. Like steel development, pipeline inspection technology has progressed from a mere internal gauging tool, determining internal pipe dimension, to advanced technology of high-resolution magnetic based equipment introduced in the 1970's for pipe metal toss and defect assessment, pipeline alignment/movement and today's state of the technologies of detecting for pipe cracks including Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC). Pipeline rehabilitation technology progressed from hole plugging, surface/weld repairs, and sectional replacement, to sleeve repairs and re-hydro static testing, to current rehabilitation techniques including engineered sleeves and composite reinforcing. This paper will describe the historical pipeline pigging developments, techniques and applications, as well as the repair techniques employed throughout the pipeline industry. It will highlight the application techniques and present the research trends for future pipeline integrity inspection and rehabilitation techniques.


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    Titel :

    Trends in pipeline integrity inspection and rehabilitation techniques


    Beteiligte:
    Mohitpour, M. (Autor:in) / McManus, M. (Autor:in) / Trefanenko, B. (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2002


    Format / Umfang :

    8 Seiten, 10 Quellen


    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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