The effects of several diesel fuels on exhaust emissions were evaluated for two popular North American locomotive engine models. Locomotive emissions and fuel consumption measurements were performed on six late-model, 3000 kW locomotives: three SD70MAC manufactured by the Electro-Motive Division (EMD) of General Motors Corporation, and three DASH9-44CW manufactured by the Transportation Systems Division of General Electric Corporation (GE). The locomotives were provided by two participating railroads, the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF), and the Union Pacific (UP). Emission testing was performed at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) Locomotive Exhaust Emissions Test Center in San Antonio, Texas. Regulated emission measurements of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)), particulate (PM), and smoke opacity were made using U.S. EPA locomotive test procedures while operating on (1) a market blend of California motor vehicle diesel fuel (CARB fuel) with a sulfur level of 50 ppm, (2) U.S. Federal on-highway fuel with a sulfur level of 330 ppm (0.033 weight percent), and (3) a high-sulfur (4760 ppm) nonroad fuel. The three GE locomotives were also tested on a nonroad fuel with a sulfur level of 3,190 ppm (0.32 percent). Compared to Federal on-highway diesel fuel, average NO(x) emissions were 3-4 percent lower with CARB fuel. Compared to nonroad diesel fuels, average NO(x) emissions were 5-7 percent lower with CARB fuel, which corresponds to a reduction of about 1.1 g/kWh. This NO(x) reduction is similar to that observed for on-highway truck-size diesel engines. Average PM level on Federal on-highway fuel was reduced by 3 percent for both the EMD and GE locomotives compared to using the CARB fuel. Average PM level on high-sulfur, nonroad fuel was reduced by 39 percent for GE locomotives, and by 16 percent for EMD locomotives, when using CARB fuel. Sulfate analysis of the PM samples indicated that the PM reduction with CARB fuel was largely attributable to the reduced sulfur content of the fuel, and on a g/kWh basis, the PM response was essentially the same for each locomotive model.
Diesel fuel effects on locomotive exhaust emissions
Einfluß der Zusammensetzung des Dieselkraftstoffs auf die Abgasemission von Diesellokomotiven
2001
13 Seiten, 1 Bild, 8 Tabellen, 2 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Datenträger
Englisch
Diesel fuel effects on locomotive exhaust emissions
British Library Conference Proceedings | 2001
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