The purpose of this paper is to review the requirement for potentially scarce or hazardous metals used in a wide range of electric vehicle batteries, in order to provide datasets that could be used as a basis for a variety of assessments of electric vehicles and batteries, such as lifecycle assessments (LCA) and material availability assessments. It is an explicit objective to make the calculations and assumptions transparent so that the datasets can easily be recalculated with different assumptions. The authors investigate the requirement for metals of nine types of batteries: Li-metal(V), Li-ion(Mn, Ni and Co), NaNiCl, NiMH(AB2 and AB5), NiCd and PbA, which contain seven potentially scarce or hazardous metals/group of metals: lithium, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, cadmium, lead and mischmetal (rare-earth elements). They provide datasets for both near-term and improved technology of the requirement for metals per kWh battery as well as per battery electric vehicle.
Requirement for metals of electric vehicle batteries
Journal of Power Sources ; 93 , 1-2 ; 55-71
2001
17 Seiten, 100 Quellen
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Englisch
Requirement for metals of electric vehicle batteries
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