Today's electric propulsion systems were mainly developed for battery powered electric vehicles (EV's) as typical niche products. Actual trends towards the fuel cell, hybrids and flywheel-starter-alternator as typical technologies for electric propulsion systems show higher production numbers and expect higher production volumes for electric drives in future vehicles. These applications will have to meet at least the standards of today's combustion engine driven vehicles in terms of cost, power to weight ratio, volume and performance. In this context the PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell technology is being applied by many car manufacturers because of its suitable operating temperature level of 80 to 100 deg.C. Nevertheless, there are some significantly different requirements compared to battery powered vehicles. First of all, the fuel cell can be run at full power (wide open throttle) for a long time i.e. the continuous rating of the electric drive must be adapted to a typical range of 50 to 55 kW output power. Also, due to the limited battery capacities, EV's normally can match a top speed of only about 120 km/h being much too low for fuel cell powered vehicles. A required minimum top speed is between 150 to 170 km/h being very challenging for the electric motor when considering power to weight ratio and cost. A further important item is the coolant temperature. Battery EV's typically can be operated at 55 to 60 deg.C maximum coolant temperature. In fuel cell powered vehicles a coolant temperature of 90 to 100 deg.C and an according large, additional respectively, cooling circuit and radiator must be faced. Beside of the cost this cannot be realised due to the packaging constraints in the vehicle. So the electric motor and inverter must be enabled to handle 100 deg.C coolant temperature. Concerning the specific cost, volume and weight of the present standards of combustion engines, actual EV technology exceeds these values by two to three times meaning that new technologies, including fail safe options, and new integration levels must be developed for this application.
Requirements for electric propulsion systems in vehicles
Anforderungen an elektrische Antriebssysteme für Fahrzeuge
2000
25 Seiten, 25 Bilder, 5 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
ausfallsichere Konstruktion , Batteriebetrieb , Brennstoffzelle , elektromotorischer Antrieb , elektronische Steuerung , EMK (elektromotorische Kraft) , Hybridantrieb , Hybridfahrzeug , IEC-Norm , Inverter , Kostenaufwand , Kraftfahrzeug , Kraftstoffverbrauch , Kühlsystem , Rekuperationsbremsung , Schwungrad , Steuerungs- und Regelungssystem , Systemanalyse , Systementwurf , Verbrennungsmotor , Wirkungsgrad , Leistungsgewicht , CAN-Bus , Schwungradantrieb
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