Spacecraft are normally designed to withstand the hazards of the meteoroid environment which exists in space. The design of appropriate shielding is based on penetration equations developed from the observed cratering phenomena in semi-infinite targets. One of the significant variables required to predict the size of the crater formed, is the strength of the target material. One approach is to utilize the dynamic hardness, such as Brinell hardness, measured at the base of the crater formed by hypervelocity impact on the candidate shielding material, as the strength parameter. In this paper, a dynamic strength term is adapted into a penetration equation, to predict the damage caused to a semi-infinite target by the impact of a hypervelocity projectile. The approach consisted of utilizing a yield criterion based on second as well as third invariants of the stress deviator and a strain rate sensitive constitutive equation. Two strain sensitive parameters were included in the development of the strain rate sensitive constitutive equation. The determination of these parameters was based on the results of uniaxial and dynamic tests performed on the material of interest. Utilizing the calculated strain rates in the strength affected region, and the constitutive equation previously described, the dynamic yield strength can be determined. In order to predict the crater depths, the General Motors penetration equation was used with certain modifications pertaining to the target strength influence. Good agreement was found between the predicted crater depths and experimental results.
Predicted crater depths under hypervelocity impact
1999
22 Seiten, 37 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Hypervelocity crater depth and target strength.
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