The science of producing and transmitting sound waves in materials has become a flourishing art with many practical applications. Among the low-amplitude uses are underwater sound transmission for locating submarines, measuring the depth and detail of ocean bottoms, flaw detection in materials, delay lines for storing information and for performing many processing calculations, and many medical applications such as locating cancers and other imperfections in the human body. Ultrasound waves have been used in many physical investigations. When the amplitude of the sound wave becomes large, some nonlinear effects occur such as the production of cavities in liquids and fatigue in solids. These give rise to another series of applications such as ultrasonic cleaning, emulsification of liquids, machining of materials, and tests for fatigue in materials, particularly when a large number of cycles is required. Biological applications such as the destruction of bacteria and the use of focused ultrasound as a surgical knife are also possible. It is the purpose of this paper to give the historical background leading up to these applications and to discuss some of them in more detail.
Sonics and ultrasonics: early history and applications
Schall und Ultraschall: fruehe Geschichte und Anwendung
IEEE Transactions on Sonics and Ultrasonics ; SU-23 , 4 ; 224-232
1976
9 Seiten, 38 Quellen
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Englisch
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