The global target of Greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction for 2050 is one of the main focuses on selection and definition of the future power train in several business sectors.
The EU has agreed on new regulations to limit the CO2 emissions of new heavy-duty vehicles by 15% from 2025 and by 30% (or higher) from 2030 considering 2020 as reference. Similar emissions reduction targets are expected to follow up in the off-road sector.
Hydrogen, as a combustion fuel, represents an alternative and efficient solution for decarbonization of the future power train in the Off-road sector. Combustion of hydrogen fuel can be achieved using several ways and system configurations that are mainly characterised by injection technology, air path configuration and ignition type technology.
This new solution shall be convenient to operate in harsh environments and offer a lower product cost compared to other zero emission technologies. Furthermore, the new engine architecture shall ensure easier engine integration, higher power density, better system efficiency, higher lifetime.
The port fuel injection (PFI) and direct injection (DI) are considered one of the possible strategies to assess the impact of the fuel path on the system characteristics. Additionally, the air path plays an important role in engine performance, dynamic behavior and emission compliance. Two-stage charging system and single stage with EGR are two possible air path configurations capable to ensure ultra-lean combustion which leads to low NOx emissions and higher power density at full load operating condition.
Furthermore, this technology is robust and ensures a quick time to market since the same vehicle interfaces can be used for integration of the hydrogen engine in the vehicles. Besides the advantages of this hydrogen technology, there are some challenges that this technology has to face. The main challenge is to reach an acceptable hydrogen storage volume able to guarantee the typical working time of an off-road machine. This point is not considered further here, but the authors are aware of this issue and suitable measures must be taken into account or implemented during the phase of technology integration in the machine.
Hydrogen Combustion Engine – A Suitable Concept for Decarbonisation in Offroad Sector
Proceedings
13.09.2022
18 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Deutsch
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