Abstract This chapter handles aerodynamics and thermodynamics of both internal combustion (IC) engines and propellers. IC engines – as classified earlier – belong to the big family of internal combustion. However, it is of the intermittent combustion subgroup. This subgroup of aero piston engines is either of the rotary or reciprocating families. Rotary engines are next categorized as either conventional or Wankel engines. Reciprocating engines have different types, namely, inline, horizontally opposed, V-type, X-type, H-type, and radial type engines. For pressure or power boosting, either superchargers or turbochargers are added to reciprocating engines. A detailed aerodynamics and thermodynamics of reciprocating engines is given. Terminology for four-stroke engine and air standard analysis is presented. To examine the generated power and efficiency of reciprocating engines, both Otto and Diesel cycles for four strokes and two strokes types are thoroughly analyzed. The developments in power and efficiency when supercharging or turbocharging are examined. Since IC engines cannot propel an aircraft by itself, engine is coupled to a propeller to generate such a force. Wright flyer I was the first plane to be propelled by a propeller. Nowadays, 80 % nearly of the flying vehicles are powered by IC engines. These are small aircrafts/helicopters or home-made planes. At first, propellers are classified based on its source of power, material, coupling to the output shaft, control, number of propellers coupled to each engine, direction of rotation, propulsion method, and number of blades. Detailed aerodynamic theories for propeller design, axial momentum (or actuator disk), modified momentum, and blade element are discussed. Non-dimensional parameters defining propeller performance, namely, thrust and power coefficients as well as advance ratio, are derived. Detail analysis of the generated thrust from each blade segment and the total thrust are described through worked examples. Charts for thrust, power, and propulsive efficiency of two- and three-bladed propellers are given.
Piston Engines and Propellers
01.01.2016
96 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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