With a path intrusion incident, it is almost always the case that the collision would have been avoided if the pedestrian had not run out, or if the vehicle on the minor road had stopped, or so on. However should the other party be thought to have been travelling at an excessive speed, often the reconstructionist is asked to make a calculation of what whether the collision would, at some alternative speed say equal to the speed limit, still have occurred. In that way causation is addressed.The paper distinguishes between those hazards which are distance limited and those which are time limited, giving definitions of the two types. Distance limited hazards are deterministic, but time limited hazards have a probabilistic basis. This difference has important implications for causation.For a hazard at a fixed distance, there is a well known formula for calculating whether the collision would have been avoided at a slower alternative speed. However a time limited hazard often has no clear cut boundary between avoided/not avoided. According to the warning time during which the hazard develops, the alternative speed of the vehicle may mean that a collision would certainly be avoided, the alternative speed may have no effect, or the effect of the alternative speed may be in between. A method is given for estimating the effect of a slower speed.A further type of path intrusion is where the pedestrian, or driver on a minor road, has seen the oncoming vehicle but gauged that there was time to cross in front of it. This also is considered, with its implications for causation.Traffic lights, where one must not go over on red, have similarities and differences with path intrusion incidents. The paper gives a formula for the maximum speed at which a traffic light might be approached if drivers made the best choices, with a discussion of the difference between the unrealistic result of this calculation and a realistic maximum.


    Zugriff

    Zugriff prüfen

    Verfügbarkeit in meiner Bibliothek prüfen

    Bestellung bei Subito €


    Exportieren, teilen und zitieren



    Titel :

    What If the Speed Had Been Less? Causation in Time Limited and Distance Limited Hazards


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Sae Technical Papers


    Beteiligte:
    Searle, John (Autor:in)

    Kongress:

    WCX SAE World Congress Experience ; 2020



    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2020-04-14




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




    SPEED LIMITED WHEEL

    GROENWOLD BRAD | Europäisches Patentamt | 2016

    Freier Zugriff

    Speed limited wheel

    GROENWOLD BRAD | Europäisches Patentamt | 2017

    Freier Zugriff

    LIMITED SPEED DISPLAY DEVICE

    KOMATSU AKITSUGU / FUKUMOTO TAKEHIRO / KAKIMOTO AKIRA et al. | Europäisches Patentamt | 2018

    Freier Zugriff

    SPEED LIMITED ROTATIONAL MEMBER

    GROENWOLD BRAD | Europäisches Patentamt | 2020

    Freier Zugriff

    SPEED LIMITED ROTATIONAL MEMBER

    GROENWOLD BRAD | Europäisches Patentamt | 2022

    Freier Zugriff