The goal of the project was to reduce tailpipe-out hydrocarbon (HC) plus oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions to 50 percent or less of the current California Air Resources Board (CARB) useful life standard of 12 g/hp-hr for Class I engines, or 9 g/hp-hr for Class II engines. Low-emission engines were developed using three-way catalytic converters, passive secondary-air induction (SAI) systems, and in two cases, enleanment. Catalysts were integrated into the engine's mufflers, where feasible, to maintain a compact package. Due to the thermal sensitivity of these engines, carburetor calibrations were left unchanged in four of the six engines, at the stock rich settings. To enable HC oxidation under such rich conditions, a simple passive supplemental air injection system was developed. This system was then tuned to achieve the desired HC+NOx reduction. Engines were then aged for either 250 hours (Class 1), or 500 hours (Class 2), with emission testing at intervals to track muffler-out emissions and catalyst performance. Results demonstrated that emissions from these engines could be significantly reduced.


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    Titel :

    Durability of Low-Emissions Small Off-Road Engines


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Sae Technical Papers


    Beteiligte:
    Lela, Chad (Autor:in) / Salardino, David (Autor:in) / Lourenco, Jackie (Autor:in) / White, Jeff J. (Autor:in)

    Kongress:

    Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition ; 2004



    Erscheinungsdatum :

    27.09.2004




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




    Durability of Low-Emissions Small Off-Road Engines

    White, J. J. / Lela, C. / Lourenco, J. et al. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 2004


    Development of Low-Emissions Small Off-Road Engines

    Carroll, James N. / White, Jeff J. / Rowland, Scott | SAE | 1999



    Emissions Analysis of Small Utility Engines

    Patterson, D. / Brereton, G. / Morrison, K. et al. | SAE | 1995


    Emissions factors for small utility engines

    White,J.J. / Carroll,J.N. / Hare,C.T. et al. | Kraftfahrwesen | 1991