This paper describes the four Pioneer Venus probe spacecraft which will explore the atmosphere of Venus in mid-December, 1978. The probes, one large and three small, will carry a complement of sixteen scientific instruments which will make measurements from entry (200 km-altitude) down to the planet surface. The surface environment, approximately 770 K temperature and 95 bar. pressure, leads to a design in which the equipment complement is housed in internally insulated, spherical pressure vessels. Entry deceleration and stabilization are provided by 45 deg. half-angle conical forebodies, heat protected by carbon phenolic ablative heat shields. For the large probe, a parachute provides additional retardation between 67 and 44 km altitude, a region of extreme scientific interest.
Probing a planetary atmosphere - Pioneer Venus spacecraft description
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and American Geophysical Union, Conference on the Exploration of the Outer Planets
01.09.1975
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Keine Angabe
Englisch
Pioneer Venus spacecraft charging model
NTRS | 1977
|The Pioneer Venus Spacecraft Program
AIAA | 1977
|The Pioneer Venus Spacecraft Program
NTRS | 1977
|The Pioneer Venus spacecraft program
NTRS | 1978
|