The increasing use of military and commercial satellite systems for national security and business purposes will have significant implications for the United States in tbe 21st century. The Department of Defense (DOD) has traditionally used satellite systems in passive roles to support military operations - for example, to collect intelligence data, warn of ballistic missile launches, transmit voice and data communications, obtain meteorological data, and provide navigation signals. Now, plans are being developed to expand the use of military satellite systems and develop technologies such as lasers and electronic jammers that could be used to actively conduct combat operations from space. With advances in information technology, the commercial use of satellites is also expanding, particularly in telecommunications. In addition, single satellite systems, for example, navigation, environmental, and imagery systems - that originally served government missions, are increasingly providing capabilities to both government and commercial users. The non- government applications are now generating large amounts of commercial revenue. National space policy treats U.S. satellite systems as national property that organizations have the right to operate without deliberate interference. To the extent that such interference were to occur, the U.S. Space Command visualizes that military forces may be called upon to provide protection, just as navies protected sea commerce and armies protected the nation's expansion westward during earlier centuries.


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