Understanding the relative attractiveness of alternatives to driving is vitally important toward lowering driving rates and, by extension, vehicle miles traveled (VMT), traffic congestion, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, etc. The relative effectiveness of automobile alternatives (i.e., buses, bicycling, and walking) depends on how well streets are designed to work for these respective modes in terms of safety, comfort and cost, which can sometimes pit their relative effectiveness against each other. In this report, the level of traffic stress (LTS) criteria previously developed by two of the authors was used to determine how the streets functioned for these auto alternative modes. The quality and extent of the transit service area was measured using a total travel time metric over the LTS network. The model developed in this study was applied to two transit routes in Oakland, California, and Denver, Colorado.


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    Revised Pedestrian Analysis Procedures for a Livability Oriented Profession

    Milazzo, J. S. / Rouphail, N. M. / Allen, D. P. et al. | British Library Conference Proceedings | 1997


    Toward a Typology of Transit Corridor Livability

    Appleyard, Bruce / Ferrell, Christopher E. / Taecker, Matthew | Transportation Research Record | 2016


    The Impact of North Dakota’s Oil Boom on Transit Livability

    Peterson, Del / Ndembe, Elvis | ASCE | 2016