The characteristics of the present conflict in Southeast Asia, wherein United States and allied forces are in constant and close proximity to enemy ground forces, are unique and unprecedented in recent U.S. military history. Military installations are in continuous likelihood of being attacked at a time and place of the enemy's choosing. The variety of strategies and tactics available to the enemy is limited only by the types and quantity of weapons at his disposal. He is inclined to select targets which provide the greatest payoff for the expenditures incurred. Much of the enemy activity, therefore, has been directed against air bases, since they present to him a concentration of lucrative targets. Initially, enemy action against air bases was usually in the form of attempted penetration of the base perimeter. Later, as perimeter defenses were improved, standoff attacks with mortar and rockets were favored by the enemy. As each change or improvement in base defense has taken place, the enemy has shifted the method and tactics of his attacks. Consequently, air base defense efforts in SEA have been an evolutionary development to provide the best level of security and defense against a spectrum of potential threats. Presenting a general analysis of overall USAF air base defense efforts, this CHECO report specifically addresses many facets which have limited or constrained the development of USAF air base defense. It analyzes selected major attacks to identify necessary changes occurring in base defense concepts and techniques, and outlines the development of the SAFE SIDE concept and the progress of Operation SAFE LOOK. Chapter VI prompts a comparison of USAF air base defense in the Republic of Vietnam with defenses in Thailand and the Republic of Korea.


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