The University of Denver has completed the eighth year of a multi-year remote sensing study in the Chicago area, with measurements made in Septembers of 1997 through 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2014. The remote sensor used in the 2014 study measured the ratios of CO, HC, NO, SO2 and NH3 to CO2 in motor vehicle exhaust. Mass emissions per mass or volume of fuel are determined from these ratios and are the units used for the major results in this report. From these ratios, we can also calculate the percent concentrations of CO, CO2, HC, NO, SO2 and NH3 in the exhaust that would be observed by a tailpipe probe, corrected for water and any excess air. The system used in this study was configured to determine the speed and acceleration of the vehicle, and was accompanied by a video system to record the license plate of the vehicle and, from this record, the vehicle’s model year. Since fuel sulfur has been nearly eliminated in US fuels, SO2 emissions have followed suit. Vehicle SO2 measurements were collected but not calibrated and are not included in the discussion of the results. The Chicago site is only the seventh site to have NH3 emission measurements collected since 2005. The observed mean of 0.71 ± 0.02 is the second highest mean observed, surpassed only by the 2008 measurements at the metered ramp site in west Los Angeles. The driving mode in Chicago bears some resemblance to the west LA arrangement, as the majority of the traffic at the Chicago site enters the ramp from a light-controlled double turn lane on Algonquin Rd. The Chicago 2014 trends though are very similar to the 2013 Tulsa measurements, including the vehicle age that coincides with peak NH3 emissions. When correlating the age-aligned model year groupings, the resulting slope is 1.06 with an R2 of 0.86. As previously seen in Denver, LA and Tulsa, NH3 dominates the total fixed nitrogen species present in the newest model year vehicles in Chicago. In the newest model years, NH3 comprises approximately 80% of a small amount of total fixed nitrogen. The cross over point where NH3 and NOx emissions are equal occurs in 10 year old vehicles in Chicago.


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    Titel :

    On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Chicago Area: Fall 2014


    Beteiligte:
    G. A. Bishop (Autor:in) / D. H. Stedman (Autor:in)

    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2015


    Format / Umfang :

    45 pages


    Medientyp :

    Report


    Format :

    Keine Angabe


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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