Since 2009, addressing distracted driving across all modes has become one of the U.S.DOT's top safety initiatives. That year, President Obama signed an executive order prohibiting text messaging by federal government employees and contractors while operating vehicles on government business or government-funded business activities. Similarly, by 2012, 18 states and the District of Columbia have passed laws specifically forbidding the use of any hand-held or hands-free cellular phone by public transit, school, and commercial bus operators while driving a bus. The objective of this study is to report the state of knowledge and practice in public transit bus operations intended to address and prevent distracted driving incidents. The areas covered in this study include: research that has or is being conducted to examine behavioral science factors and intergenerational or other demographic issues in an attempt to define distracted driving causes; the development and enforcement of existing and proposed policies and disciplinary actions; the development and implementation of employee training programs; practices to mitigate on-board distractions such as passenger interaction, mobile data terminal and other integral electronic device use; and the evaluation and monitoring of policies and programs that have been put in place, to determine the overall effectiveness. It will also highlight some of the external forces-- positive and negative--of state laws and/or the action by some states to prohibit locally created laws related to distracted driving activities among all drivers or specifically bus operators. The ultimate goal of this synthesis is to provide public transit agencies with information about bus transit operator distraction policies in order to assist them in evaluating and developing their own policies and programs to address and prevent distracted driving incidents.


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