Human safety is a major concern for those in airline industry and automobile industry. In order to improve the effectiveness and reduce the cost of vehicle safety, improved dummies and injury criteria are needed. A prerequisite for developing improved dummies is the development of injury tolerance of the human being to impacts like those caused in automobile accidents. One major problem of interest for aerospace and automotive designers is how to arrange seats, restraints and interior elements of a cockpit/cabin or a car to reduce the amount of passenger injury in specific types of collision situations. The use of Head Injury Criteria (HIC) in vehicle crash testing results in designing restraint systems. It is capable of predicting severity of human head injury. This knowledge can be applied to the development of improved design standards to reduce injuries in vehicle crash situations. According to the aerospace standards in designing seats, for civil rotor craft and transport airplanes HIC has to be evaluated during the tests on seats, and the results have to be included in the document. For these tests an anthropomorphic test dummy (ATD) shall be used to simulate each occupant. In this study an effort has been made to provide some details of the types of head injuries, the mechanisms associated with head injuries, some common definitions of terminologies related with head injuries, the historical development of various head injury criteria and their measures, some comparisons of the head injury criteria and computational aspects of head injury criteria.


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    Evaluation of Head Injury Criteria

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