Electric vehicles (EVs) are expected to play an important role in sustainable mobility thanks to the efficient energy utilization and zero-emission when in use. The battery has a great impact on the performance of electric vehicles, basically determining the driving range. As a consequence, the choice of the battery technology and its effective utilization is of paramount importance. Li-ion chemistry is very sensitive to overcharge and deep discharge, which may damage the battery, shortening its lifetime, and even causing hazardous situations. This requires the adoption of a proper Battery Management System (BMS) to maintain each cell of the battery within its safe and reliable operating range. In addition to the primary function of battery protection, a BMS should estimate the battery status in order to predict the actual amount of energy that can still be delivered to the load. This is quite a challenging task, as the performance of the battery in terms of usable capacity and internal resistance, varies over time. Another important function of a BMS is to extend the battery life by facing the charge unbalancing issue that may arise in series-connected cells. This reduces the usable capacity of the battery. Due to the strict voltage limits applying to Li-ion batteries, charge unbalancing cannot be self-recovered, but instead worsens with time. A BMS should thus implement a charge equalization technique to periodically restore the balanced condition. The purpose of this paper is to describe the main issues in the design and management of a battery for an electric vehicle. The paper covers aspects BMS requirements and architectures and techniques for charge equalization.
Management of large format liion batteries
01.08.2015
872824 byte
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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