Abstract In this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization with energy-to-fuel continuation is proposed for initializing the co-state variables for low-thrust minimum-fuel trajectory optimization problems in the circular restricted three-body problem. Particle Swarm Optimization performs a search of the solution space by minimizing the weighted sum of squares of the two-point boundary-value problem final boundary condition residuals for the minimum-energy problem. Next, an energy-to-fuel homotopy is employed to transition the minimum-energy trajectory to a minimum-fuel trajectory, starting from the generated guess. The proposed methodology is applied to two low-thrust transfer problems in the Earth–Moon system: a transfer from a geostationary transfer orbit to an L1 halo orbit, and a transfer from an L2 halo orbit to an L1 halo orbit. The resulting minimum-fuel trajectories are validated with the literature. It is demonstrated that the methodology can successfully generate guesses for the initial co-state variables which converge to a solution for both scenarios. A strategically chosen particle swarm size is shown to improve the efficiency of the methodology. The proposed approach is of simple implementation, can be easily extended to other trajectory optimization problems, facilitates the discovery of multiple candidate trajectories, and does not require a user-provided guess, all of which are advantageous features for the preliminary phase of mission design.
Highlights Particle Swarm Optimization is proposed to guess the Lagrange co-states variables. PSO initialization is paired with homotopy continuation for trajectory optimization. The proposed algorithm facilitates discovery of multiple unique optimal trajectories. Two minimum-fuel trajectory optimization problems are solved. The effect of the particle swarm size on successful convergence is analyzed.
Particle Swarm Optimization-based co-state initialization for low-thrust minimum-fuel trajectory optimization
Acta Astronautica ; 211 ; 416-430
2023-06-13
15 pages
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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