This paper proposes a novel virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller for converters in AC microgrids (MGs). Such controller improves the control cost and DC-side energy requirements, while considering the system non-linearity for frequency support. First, the frequency dynamics of the MG, which are analytically studied based on the VSG with a secondary frequency controller, are formulated as a nonlinear state space representation. In this later, the reciprocal of the inertia is modeled as the control input. Correspondingly, a cost function is defined by comprehensively considering the angular deviation, frequency deviation, rate of change of the frequency (RoCoF), and a discount factor, which can retain a tradeoff between the critical frequency bounds and the required control energy. Following, the optimal frequency regulation problem is solved by using an online adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method, where a single echo state network (ESN) is constructed to approximate the optimal cost function and the optimal control input to significantly reduce the computational burden and improve the real-time computation. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the frequency response of the system is significantly improved, while also retaining more DC-side energy.
Optimal Frequency Control for Virtual Synchronous Generator based AC Microgrids via Adaptive Dynamic Programming
2023-01-01
Zhang , Y , Sun , Q , Zhou , J , Guerrero , J M , Wang , R & Lashab , A 2023 , ' Optimal Frequency Control for Virtual Synchronous Generator based AC Microgrids via Adaptive Dynamic Programming ' , I E E E Transactions on Smart Grid , vol. 14 , no. 1 , pp. 4-16 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2022.3196412
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
Virtual synchronous generator , optimal frequency control , AC microgrids , adaptive controller , adaptive dynamic programming , ADP , Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) , Artificial neural networks , Power system stability , Stability analysis , Frequency control , adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) , Mathematical models , Synchronous generators , Frequency synchronization
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