Thermal management systems of electrified vehicles especially heavy-duty trucks face multiple competing goals such as minimum energy consumption, minimum battery degradation and highest passenger comfort. The design process of a suitable thermal management system addressing these goals requires a holistic approach including the various cross couplings occurring in real world operation. Therefore, a physics-based modular full-vehicle model is introduced. The model includes an electrified drive-train, passenger cabin and thermal management system. The mechanical and electrical drive-train components, including the battery, motor and power electronics are thermally connected with each other and the cabin using various cooling circuits. A reversible heat pump and several control units are used to adjust the specific thermal requirements leading to complex interconnections and cross couplings. We estimate the performance of a heavy-duty truck on typical long-distance trips including stops based on legal regulations used for fast charging and overnight charging. While charging overnight, conservation air conditioning of the cabin is performed as efficiently as possible. For this operation, we present different strategies for battery thermal conditioning. Operating strategies for the full vehicle, especially the thermal systems in a summer and a winter scenario are proposed. Simulations of a typical deployment scenario are performed to explore the effects of different operating and control strategies for thermal management. Our virtual deployment scenarios include easy to modify driving cycles, driving time regulations, charge stops and climatic boundary conditions. For evaluation purposes we present an energy-flow-diagram for the full vehicle. Based on the simulation results we recommend thermal system operating strategies in a full-vehicle context for heavy-duty truck long distance trips and charging.
Innovative thermal management operating strategies for battery-electric heavy-duty trucks
2023-01-01
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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