Bird impact poses serious threats to both military and civilian aircraft as they lead to deadly structural damage to critical aircraft components. It is the exposed aircraft components, such as windshields, radomes, leading edges, engine structure, and blades, are vulnerable to bird strikes. Numerical methods can simulate bird–structure interactions and thus provide designers with very useful data, such as stress distribution, displacement, and structural deformation. In addition, numerical methods enable a parametric study for different materials, geometries, and impact speeds (magnitude and direction). Thus, it is a more straightforward and cheaper method compared with experimental bird strike testing.
The finite element method (FEM) has been adopted in most bird strike studies due to its capabilities for handling very complex geometries and providing material behaviors at different loading conditions. MSC/Dytran and LS‐Dyna solver codes are frequently used in numerical modeling. At first the three steps employed in numerical methods, namely pre‐processing, solution, and post‐processing, are described. Geometries and materials of birds are next modeled. Regarding bird geometry, few works handle their exact shapes, but most of them replace the bird with either a straight‐ended cylinder, a hemispherical‐ended cylinder, an ellipsoid, or a sphere. Bird impact behavior on rigid targets is divided into four main stages, namely initial shock, pressure decay (release), steady state, and the pressure termination stage.
Most numerical analyses employ one or more of the following techniques; Lagrangian, Eulerian, arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE), and smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH). These methods are described in detail. Next, numerous case studies, including both fixed‐wing and rotary‐wing (helicopter) vehicles, are analyzed. Concerning the fixed wing vehicles, bird strikes with the leading edges of wing, horizontal and vertical tails, side wall structures, as well as the wind shield are demonstrated. Moreover, impacts with the fan/compressor of the power plant are also reviewed. Finally, helicopter modules, including its windshield, rotor, and spinner, are discussed.
Numerical Simulation of Bird Strike
Bird Strike in Aviation ; 287-322
2019-07-29
36 pages
Aufsatz/Kapitel (Buch)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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