Drivers in a Level 3 automation environment typically need at least 8 s following a manual takeover request to achieve appropriate levels of situation awareness. Studies that have derived this time estimate use general audio alerts that suggest a transfer of control from the automation to the driver might be required. The current experiment examined if improvements in younger drivers’ situation awareness might be observed in as little as 4 s before a latent hazard might materialize and a transfer of control occurs if more specific audio alerts are used. Younger drivers either drove manually with no cue or in one of four automation conditions: ( a) a general cue condition, ( b) a condition that described the risky features of the roadway and the location of those features, ( c) a condition that contained information about the actual identity of the threat and the required behavior, and ( d) a combination cue condition (both environment and threat cue). Eye movements were recorded as drivers completed six scenarios in a simulated automated driving experiment. The results showed that audio cues that contained information about risky roadway features increased the detection of latent hazards by almost 40% compared with when a general cue or a threat cue was used. Performance with the combined cue was no better than performance with the environment cue. The environment cue gives drivers the critical seconds needed to mitigate a potential crash. Results are informative about which types of alerts to use to inform drivers of upcoming hazards.
Effects of Alert Cue Specificity on Situation Awareness in Transfer of Control in Level 3 Automation
Transportation Research Record
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board ; 2663 , 1 ; 27-33
2017-01-01
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Elektronische Ressource
Englisch
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