The American Petroleum Institute sponsored a research program starting in 1996 to determine the effects of smooth dents and rock dents on the integrity of liquid pipelines. Forty-four different dent configurations were used in the course of testing. While the primary thrust of the work was experimental, analytical efforts were made to address dent mechanics using finite element methods. A test matrix using seventy-two test cases was developed to assess the effects of pipe D/t, dent profile and depth, level of constraint and different pressure cycles on the fatigue life of dented pipelines. Results were examined in terms of stress changes resulting from denting, pressurization, and the associated residual stress states. The shell model finite element results permitted the development of stress concentration factors for use in calculating fatigue lives for the respective dent configurations. Favorable results were obtained in comparing the calculated values to the experimentally-determined fatigue lives. The project had two primary contributions to the study of dent mechanics. First, the program illustrates how finite element methods can be used to compare the effects of different size dents involving different pipe geometries. Secondly, as in-line inspection technology evolves, there will be an increased need to assess dents based upon their size and shape. The analytical results and methods of this research program can serve as the foundational basis for this type of correlation.
Analysis of dented pipelines considering constrained and unconstrained dent configurations
1999
Seiten
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Datenträger
Englisch
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