Using a database of vehicle registrations, an analysis is made of passenger car populations in Europe to assess how many vehicles would be susceptible to valve-seat recession, both now and in the future. These analyses are then used to compare fuel requirements with present sales of leaded fuel, showing that the actual technical requirement for leaded or valve-seat recession protection (VSRP) gasoline is generally less than present fuel sales would indicate. The technical performance of VSRP additives is then summarised. The introduction and use of VSRP additives in markets which have already phase out lead is discussed. These experiences have demonstrated that under real market conditions these implementations of VSRP additives have provided quite satisfactory protection from valve-seat recession over several years, with no substantiated reports of engine damage in vehicles in normal day-to-day use. It is concluded that if leaded fuel is banned throughout Europe in the year 2000, then protection can be provided for those vehicles susceptible to valve-seat recession using proven additive technology.


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    Titel :

    The phase-out of leaded gasoline in Europe: passenger car populations and future fuel requirements


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Dad Verschwinden des Bleibenzins in Europa: Personenkraftwagenbestand und zukünftiger Kraftstoffbedarf


    Beteiligte:
    Reading, K. (Autor:in) / Hickey, C.E. (Autor:in) / Clarke-Sturman, A.J. (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    1997


    Format / Umfang :

    15 Seiten, 10 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 13 Quellen



    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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