The environmental impact of three types of electric vehicles (EVs) versus gasoline powered internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) on air quality was determined. Dynamometer test results from a G-van (lead-acid battery), Bedford van (nickel/cadmium battery) and Rocaboy van (lead-acid battery) were obtained both at room temperature and at -20 deg C using the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and SAE J227a (C-cycle) tests. In addition, emissions from the van's fossil fuelled heaters were measured. The two types of dynamometer test at room temperature gave similar results, with the Overall Energy Efficiencies of 1.8, 2.5 and 5.1 km/kWh for the G-van, Bedford and Rocaboy vans respectively. Dynamometer studies of the G-van at -20 deg C showed at 52 % reduction in overall energy efficiency to 0.85 km/kWh. Based on the room temperature overall energy efficiency of the vans and the average percentage mix of power generation from the various types of power plants in Ontario, the emissions profiles (g/km) of various pollutants (CO2, CO, NOx HC and SO2) generated due to EV charging were calculated and found to be significantly less than those regulated standard emissions for new gasoline powered ICEVs in Canada. The pollutant emissions from the fossil fuelled heaters in the vans were also found to be significantly less than those allowed for new gasoline powered ICEVs. However, the emissions from these heaters were less than, but not significantly less than, those generated by EV charging and thus need to be included in future studies, especially for cold climate areas, in order to make more accurate comparisons.
Comparative impact of electric vehicles versus alternative fuelled vehicles on overall air emissions levels
Vergleich der Auswirkung dreier Elektrofahrzeuge und eines Kraftfahrzeuges mit Ottomotor auf den Luftverschmutzungspegel
EVS, International Electric Vehicle Symposium, 12 ; 1 ; 534-541
1994
8 Seiten, 6 Tabellen, 4 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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