In 1990, the Clean Air Act was signed into law giving four years for urban buses and eight years for urban trucks to comply with stringent regulations to control emissions from IC engines. In response, the Department of Energy (DOE) contracted West Virginia University to develop a Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboraory to measure the levels of production of the regulated pollutants. The lab performs chassis dynamometer tests since this method produces more realistic emission values than engine dynamometer tests. In Houston, Texas, four urban transportation buses were tested over the Central Business District Cycle (CBD) under ambient conditions. Two of the buses were equipped with dual-fueled engines and were powered with No. 2 diesel (D2)-liquified natural gas (LNG), clean diesel (CD)-LNG, D2/compressed natural gas (CNG), and CD-CNG. The other two had single-fueled engines and were powered with D2 and CD. The heavy duty test procedures of the Federal Register (code 40) were followed in all tests. Clean diesel produced less carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM), but higher total hydrocarbons (HC) than D2. Dual-fuels containing CNG or LNG produced slightly less PM than D2 but higher HC and CO than both CD and D2. Among the dual-fuels D2-CNG produced the lowest levels of CO, HC, and PM.
Fleet-site measurements of exhaust gas emissions from urban buses
Messungen der Wagenpark Abgasemissionen bei städtischen Omnibussen
1992
12 Seiten, 24 Bilder, 10 Tabellen, 6 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Omnibus , Abgas , Abgasemission , Analysenmesstechnik , Stadt , Luftreinhaltung , Lastkraftwagen , Verbrennungsmotor , Laboratoriumsversuch , Schadstoffemission , Dynamometer , Fahrgestell , Dieselöl , Erdgas , Dieselmotor , Gasmotor , Dieselgasmotor , Kohlenmonoxid , Stickstoffoxid , Kohlenwasserstoff
Britain's biggest fleet of municipal buses
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