After defining energy sustainability, the authors developed a theoretical framework within which to examine relations among the vertical alignment of a heavy haul railway, the minimum energy consumption, the recoverable surplus energy, the symmetry of the grade and the line voltage stability. Thereafter, the review moved from on-board power generation, as in diesel electric locomotives, through positive and negative change agents, to external power generation, as in electric locomotives. The change agents included non-renewable liquid fuel availability; energy storage quanta, devices and systems; harmful emissions; throughput scalability; and the potential impact of hydrogen as a fuel. Ideal external generation visualises electric traction within an open system: comprising a smart grid supported by bulk electricity storage, to enable heavy haul railways to manage optimally their traction energy through symbiotic interaction with external generators, consumers and storage providers. The high cost of electricity distribution infrastructure, buoyant availability of diesel fuel, and challenges of up-scaling electrically hauled throughput tonnage, oppose that ideal. To conclude, system design will likely reflect the vertical alignment's potential to regenerate energy, its ability to recover fully instantaneously surplus energy, whether the train brake system supports electric braking priority, and whether there is equitable access to a smart grid.
Sustainable heavy haul traction energy: A review of systemic issues
2014
8 Seiten, 19 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
elektrische Anlage , Emission , Energie , Brennstoff , offenes System , Eisenbahn , Regeneration , Smart Grid , Einlagerung , nachhaltige Entwicklung , Kraftschluss , Stromerzeugung , Energieverbrauch , Energiespeicherung , Massengutlagerung , Elektrizitätsverteilung , flüssiger Brennstoff , Dieselkraftstoff , dieselelektrische Lokomotive , Elektrolokomotive , Generator (Erzeuger) , Tonnage , Spannung (elektrisch) , Wasserstoff , Systemdesign , Bremssystem
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