Current conventional aircraft engines are designed to the required peak power at startup. One builds the engines and turbines for maximum performance, which are only needed for the take-off and ascent of the airplane. One reason why the conventional aggregates are so unnecessarily large and heavy. In addition, they usually only run during flight performance in part-load operation, which is particularly inefficient Once the planned flight altitude Is reached, about half of this performance power Is need for cruising speed. As part of the research project, the concept of a hybrid drive for a general aviation aircraft Is considered consisting of a combination of a combustion engine and an electric motor. Advantages of this hybrid system are particularly useful. In a serial hybrid version: (1) by use by the electric motor in the near of the airfield a significant reduction in noise emissions, (2) the burden on the environment by minimizing the exhaust emissions esp. of lead compounds and additionally the CO2-emissions by reducing the fuel consumption. Objective of the project is to create a simulation software package calculating the component of the aircraft propulsion for the selected range of applications in serial and parallel hybrid configuration with regard; to fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. That operates a holistic, proactive possible energy and drive management which provides in all flight modes (taxi, takeoff, climb, cruise, descent and landing) optimal interaction of all hybrid components. Result of the project is a critical survey of existing knowledge for combustion engines and electric motors for use in aviation as well as batteries in general with their limitations and shortcomings as well as the current state of science in hybrid aircraft. Battery powered aircrafts could not compete with fossil fuels so far as energy sources because of weight and limited cargo capacity. Two trends, however, indicate that this disadvantage will be reduced in the future. Firstly, the energy capacity of batteries continuously improved for years and this trend will continue, especially enhanced by the large numbers of systems developed and produced for the automotive industry. On the other batteries and electric motors are easier to integrate into conventional drives because they are getting smaller, lighter and more efficient. Hybrid propulsion systems, as they are known from the automotive application, may be obtained on aerospace systems usefully transferable. The serial hybrid drive is the most useful hybrid version of the results of the simulation for the time if they are applied to small hybrid machines. The start is exclusively electrical. Batteries and electric motors have the advantage of very low-noise operation. In addition, the batteries can collect energy during descent, similar to the hybrid drives in cars whose batteries are recharged during braking. The calculated potential with 15.6% fuel savings is so great that hybrid aircraft will surely come to market later this decade. Several major companies from the aviation deal already with hybrid drives. Even If they initialfy are only suitable for smaller aircraft models, they will announce a new phase in aviation. The already in the automotive industry introduced development tool suite GT can mak good use of coupling with a propeller software JavaProp and flight mechanics model environment under Matlab/Simulink. GT Fly with a new development tool is presented, which is used for design and evaluation of serial and parallel hybrids in aviation. With the development tool the engine's fuel consumption and the concentrations of the gaseous pollutants of the flight path can be calculated. The simulation models created, particularly in the area of flight mechanics were validated by flight tests with the university's laboratory aircraft. It coutd be shown a variation in fuel consumption is less than 4%.


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    Titel :

    HyFly. Auslegung und Simulation eines Hybridantriebs für den teilelektrischen Betrieb eines Luftfahrzeuges der allgemeinen Luftfahrt. Schlussbericht. Förderperiode 01.07.2009 - 31.05.2012


    Beteiligte:
    Esch, Thomas (Autor:in) / Damm, Marc Andre (Autor:in) / Kalbhenn, Hartmut (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2013


    Format / Umfang :

    136 Seiten, Bilder, Tabellen, 19 Quellen


    Medientyp :

    Report


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Deutsch