The self-rescue phase in the case of a road tunnel fire requires the evacuees to be able to escape either into the adjacent tunnel or, when available, into a dedicated exit passage leading to the open air. The adjacent tunnel and/or the dedicated exit passage serve as the first safe haven for the evacuees and therefore a high visibility level should be guaranteed by keeping it smoke free. In the first instance, the smoke could enter the safe haven (non-incident tunnel and/or escape passage) either via the escape routes themselves (e.g. doors of cross passages, exit tunnels etc.) or via the portals of the tunnel. This paper concentrates on the transmission phenomena of smoke from the incident tube to the non-incident tube using 3-D numerical simulations. The object considered for this study is a real road tunnel in Switzerland. The exact geodetic, meteorological and tunnel geometry data is taken into account for the numerical simulations. Constructional measures such as the length of the anti-recirculation wall and the effect of meteorological conditions such as the wind speed and direction are investigated. The results of the simulation studies - the smoke recirculation level for different scenarios - are plotted on a "harm potential" graph. The harm potential graph defines the critical recirculation level that can pose a threat to the evacuees in terms of loss of visibility. This type of graph was developed as part of a research project financed by the Swiss Federal Roads Office (ASTRA) and has been applied in this case to evaluate and quantify the preventive measures needed to minimize the smoke recirculation at the tunnel portals in the case of a road tunnel fire.
Evaluating smoke recirculation potential at the portal of a Swiss road tunnel in case of a fire
2014
8 Seiten, Bilder, Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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