The path towards More Electric Aircraft (MEA) requires innovative ideas and solutions for future energy supply concepts in civil aviation. Energy-efficient, quiet and emission-free fuel cells, powered by renewably produced hydrogen are favorites for this approach. However, the introduction of a fuel cell based energy supply requires the skillful integration into the aircraft infrastructure. The analysis of the electrical consumers in terms of performance and energy shows that consumers, especially the loads in the passenger cabin, burden the on-board power supply. Therefore in this article the classic board network architecture is critically examined, and a decentrally powered, energy-independent, so-called DACAPO airplane cabin is presented. The largest consumers in the cabin are the galleys. An approach and a first, feasible step for an alternative energy supply on board therefore could be MAGIC galleys. These are self-supporting, and thus contribute to a significant reduction of the load on the electrical on-board system. The further development of the classical on-board system architectures leads to an inevitable dilemma: (1) Increased requirements regarding the efficiency and the environmental compatibility of new types of aircraft call for more efficient engines. In addition, they require the further implementation of the MEA philosophy, together with the further conversion of the on-board consumers to an "energy currency" and especially the elimination of bleed air. The migration of mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic energy demand towards electrical energy unavoidably leads to a considerably increased demand of electrical energy. (2) Under normal operating conditions energy is in flight supplied to the classical on-board system only centrally from the integrated engine generators. Due to the fulfillment of ETOPS requirements, the operation of more recent aircraft types is possible with two engines. Thus the electrical energy demanded can only be produced by the generators which can be integrated in the two engines. The installation of larger generators presents, however, technical limitations, which can (as practiced with the Boeing 787) only be overcome by integrating several generators per engine. These generators in turn reduce the efficiency of the engine propulsion. The challenges described in the introduction of this article seem insurmountable with a classical on-board system. The reduction of the load on the on-board system by moving the commercial loads, together with the use of fuel cells as additional energy generators on board can present a solution for this. (3) An energy-autonomous cabin according to the DACAPO principle removes the previous main consumers, the galleys from the classical on-board system and thus creates energy reserves for new electrical consumers resulting from the MEA implementation. And the increasing energy demand caused by new cabin comfort features can be met by an appropriate design of the DACAPO cabin. (4) The additionally demanded energy is produced by fuel cells. Their operation is clean, low-noise and presents a good efficiency of about 50%. They provide direct current which can be supplied to modern high-voltage direct current systems via simple converters. Their fuel can be produced regeneratively. This is the case not only for hydrogen but also for the PGW mixture mentioned above, which can be produced regeneratively from glycerin, a by-product of bio diesel production. Conclusion: Whereas (1) and (2) lead to a dilemma, (3) and (4) are perfectly complementary, and offer a solution: the energy-autonomous cabin! A first concrete and technologically feasible step to implement such a DACAPO cabin is the MAGIC concept also presented in this article: a manageable system which uses for fuelling the already existing infrastructure and processes, does not require a hydrogen infrastructure on board and which can by means of inherence intelligently bypass or simplify the safety-relevant aspects (currently to be clarified in detail) of hydrogen storage and/or usage on board a commercial aircraft.


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    Titel :

    The energy-autonomous cabin - the end of classical on-board power supply?


    Beteiligte:


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2013


    Format / Umfang :

    13 Seiten, 13 Bilder, 11 Quellen




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Datenträger


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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