In many countries, electrification of transport is considered a great opportunity to reduce the dependency of fossil fuels and not at least to comply with international obligations to reduce CO2 emissions. Many cities also have local problems with air pollution with significant contribution from the transport sector. Some places measures have been taken (like restrictions with regards to driving based on license plate number etc.) in attempts to reduce the air pollution. An increased percentage of electric vehicles are considered an effective contribution to the reduction of air pollution and CO2 emissions. Although electric vehicles must be considered as being at an early stage, Norway has come quite far in encouraging use of such in an extensive incentive system . The following benefits/incentives apply for electric vehicles in Norway as of 2011-01-01: No import tax (high import tax for fossil fuel vehicles); no value added tax (VAT); very low annual road tax (between 10 and 20 % of fossil fuel vehicles); free parking in public parking places; free charging at public charging stations; no toll when driving through toll stations; the privilege of driving in the bus lane with busses and taxis; no charge/toll for the car on national ferries (must pay passenger rate for driver); increased mileage allowance in the public sector; 50 % discount on company car taxation This has contributed to almost 4000 electric vehicles and almost 2700 charging stations in Norway by August 2011. This is the second highest number of electric vehicles per capita in the world and the triplets Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Citroen C-Zero and Peugeot ion are the most selling small car in Norway so far in 2001. A sufficient electrical infrastructure is crucial for electrification of the transport sector. We have become used to very easy access to fossil fuels to our vehicles and it is important that charging the electric vehicles also should be hassle free and easy. The access to charging stations must be easy and fast charging typically at home or for example at work. It is however very important that the electric power system is capable of supplying the additional load represented by electric vehicles without compromising power quality. This may lead to a need for strengthening the power system and/or implement smart grid technology. In the SINTEF Energy Research project "E-Car - A strategy for electrification of road transport in Norway", SINTEF and NTNU are analyzing challenges and consequences for both the environment and the power system from changing from fossil fuel vehicles to electric vehicles. This paper describes some of the opportunities and challenges by a large scale electrification of transport from a Norwegian perspective. In this context it is important to note that the Norwegian climatic conditions cause some extra challenges.


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    Titel :

    Opportunities and challenges with large scale integration of electric vehicles and plug-in-vehicles in the power system


    Beteiligte:


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2011


    Format / Umfang :

    8 Seiten, 3 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 3 Quellen



    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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