Implementation of CO2 storage in geological media requires a proper assessment of the risk of CO2 leakage from the storage sites. In particular, it is necessary to evaluate the risk that cement sheaths represent leakage pathways as this could occur if cement becomes damaged or when debonding exists at one of the interfaces of the cement sheaths. Tests performed in the laboratory have shown that there exist two types of mechanisms that could lead to cement-sheath loss of integrity: mechanical degradation, when cement is submitted to compressive or tensile loadings that are too high, or chemical degradation. The worst case is when both mechanisms occur at the same time or one after the other. For example, a cement sheath that is damaged before entering in contact with a degraded fluid will allow this fluid to penetrate deeper in the cement sheath, hence accelerating cement chemical-degradation. Hence, it is of paramount importance to understand the mechanisms that could lead to a cement-sheath loss of integrity before CO2 storage. Within this objective a mechanistic model was developed that accounts for the various modes of cement-sheath loss of integrity after cement has been placed: a) cement volume-variations during hydration due to chemical shrinkage/expansion; b) cement volume-variations during hydration due to cement heat-production; c) contraction (dilation) of the casing due to a decrease (an increase) in mud density/temperature; d) cement volume-decrease due to pore collapse; e) thermal cycling. This paper has two objectives: presenting the mechanistic model and using this model to show that cement sheath loss of integrity not only depends on cement properties but also on the well architecture and well history.
Use of a mechanistic model to forecast cement-sheath integrity for CO2 storage
2010
28 Seiten, 29 Bilder, 2 Tabellen, 65 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Bohrloch , chemischer Abbau , Dichteänderung , Dilatation , Einlaufen (Verkleinerung) , Expansion , Hydratation , Integritätssicherheit , Interface (Grenzfläche) , Kohlendioxid , Kontraktion , Leckage , Mechanismus , Temperatureinfluss , Temperaturwechselbeanspruchung , Umhüllung , Wärmebildung , Zement
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