New regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), introducing drastic reductions in fuel sulfur content, allow 0.1% sulfur in fuels used in emission control areas (ECA), starting from 2015. Together with the worldwide situation of decreasing fuel resources the introduction of alternative fuels complying with future regulations displays an important research these days. Light Cycle Oil (LCO) also referred to as 'Cracked gas oil', a sub-product from the FCC process in refining, has the potential to be used as an alternative for current marine fuels. Due to the desulfurization in the FCC process, LCO reaches a low sulfur content of 0 to 0.2%. However, LCO shows a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons, mainly composed of one and/or two ring aromatics. As the number of fused benzene rings is rather low, LCO has a low and comparable viscosity to gas oil. The high aromaticity of LCO, 70-80%, results in a strong deterioration of the ignition and combustion properties of the fuel. Therefore experimental investigation showing the influence of LCO on the overall combustion characteristics is necessary in order to elaborate the feasibility of LCO as a low sulfur fuel. Experiments have been carried out in the following order: 1. Properties including the aromaticity of several LCO samples from Japanese oil refineries have been investigated. Their ignition quality has also been examined using the well known constant volume analyzer FCA (Fuel Combustion Analyzer). The results confirmed that recent LCO samples dating from the last four years show significantly poorer ignition quality compared to samples taken more than ten years ago. 2. Selecting a LCO sample of average fuel quality, combustion characteristics have been investigated in detail, using a specially designed visual test engine (Bore/Stroke: 190/350 mm, Engine speed: 400 rpm). Investigation of the flame images clearly confirmed that the application of LCO leads to longer ignition delay, longer after-burning and longer spray/flame burnup length compared to MDO (Marine Diesel Oil) combustion. 3. Selecting another LCO sample of relatively good quality, running tests, using a full-size single-cylinder low-speed test engine (Bore/Stroke: 400/1350 mm, engine speed: 178 rpm), have been carried out. The application of LCO in low speed engines could not clearly indicate a difference in ignition quality compared to the use of MDO. However the deterioration in combustion quality due to LCO application could be detected by analyzing the exhaust gas data. 4. Unlike the case of low speed engines, LCO could have severe influence on medium or high-speed engines, considering not only the engine speed but also the combustion chamber size. The same LCO sample as in 3. has been tested using a high-speed turbo-charged 4-stroke marine engine (Bore/Stroke: 110/125 mm, Engine speed: 2400 rpm). As the high aromaticity of LCO might tend to promote PM (Particulate Matter) emission in the exhaust gas, PM and SOF (Soluble Organic Fraction) emission data have been precisely measured by a dilution tunnel system.


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    Titel :

    A step to reduce SO(x) emission from ships - Improvement in combustion of high-aromatic and low-sulfur distillate fuel


    Beteiligte:
    Takasaki, Koji (Autor:in) / Okazaki, Kousuke (Autor:in) / Yamanishi, Dai (Autor:in) / Sugiura, Kimihiko (Autor:in) / Baba, Shinji (Autor:in) / Tanaka, Haruo (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2010


    Format / Umfang :

    15 Seiten, 19 Bilder, 3 Tabellen, 6 Quellen


    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Datenträger


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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