Aeronautics and astronautics are two closely related disciplines, sometimes found under the joint term aerospace, that have progressed at a formidable pace during the 20th century. Their impact on society is overwhelming. For example, the aeroplane, the core of aeronautics, has been identified as one of the three major inventions of that century. On its turn, satellites have paved the way for modern globalization. Major drivers leading this progress have changed from the classical motto 'higher, further, faster' to the current 'more affordable, cleaner, quieter', but safety has always been kept the undisputed number one. The underlying key factors for progress have been and still are excellence and co-operation. Both aeronautics and astronautics are multidisciplinary in nature and, accordingly, this review summarizes relevant advances and trends in pertinent fields: aerodynamics, structures, propulsion, and so on. All these fields are still very healthy and the 21st century will witness again a new era of astonishing aerospace developments. Safety is kept the undisputed in aircraft operation number one, impregnating any other driver. Hence, the new aviation challenges are named environmental goals, safety and security issues, or air traffic management. Community friendliness is one of the most sensible topics since the impact of aircraft operations concerns many people not directly benefiting from its services. A group of EU personalities has drawn up a vision for 2020 that included some specific items on aviation safety: (a) reduce accident rate by 50 per cent in the mid term and 80 per cent in the long term; (b) reach 100 per cent capability to avoid or recover from human error; (c) mitigate damage in survivable accidents; (d) reduce to zero hazards of on-board, in-flight, and hostile actions. All spacecraft and satellites are exposed to the risk of collision with space debris and micrometeoroids throughout their orbital life. Measures to reduce the risk have been demanded by the scientific and industrial communities. The most important initiatives are the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee, and the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. These committees have identified four major areas that require due consideration: (a) limitation of debris released during normal operations; (b) minimization of the potential for on-orbit breakups during and after space operations; (c) post-mission disposal recommendations; (d) prevention of in-orbit collisions.


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    Titel :

    Aeronautics and astronautics: Recent progress and future trends


    Beteiligte:
    Martinez-Val, R. (Autor:in) / Perez, E. (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2009


    Format / Umfang :

    54 Seiten, 20 Bilder, 433 Quellen




    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch