China has experienced dramatic urbanisation and motorisation in the past 20 years. Over 400 million Chinese are suffering from bad air quality as a result of vehicle emissions and there an annual growth rate of 13% in the vehicle population. While adopted control measures have contributed to significant reductions in stationary source emissions of air pollutants such as SO2 and Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), pollutant emissions from motor vehicles have not decreased, as the vehicle population has expanded. In Beijing, SO2 concentration has decreased but concentrations of PM10 and NO2 are almost constant or even increased. The policy options presented in this paper reflect three major views for reducing vehicle emissions: improving vehicle technologies to control vehicle emissions, improving fuel quality or introduce cleaner alternative fuels to reduce vehicle emissions, and lay the groundwork for introducing advanced vehicle technologies reducing total vehicle mileage. International experiences and Chinese practice prove that no single policy can address the complexity of the vehicle emissions issue. The central government should make the following priorities: establish a technical requirement system (e.g., emission standards) with a long-term (over 20 years) vision for both vehicles and fuels, establish a fiscal/policy incentive mechanism to encourage the use of cleaner vehicles, launch public education campaigns (including vehicle labelling system) to encourage consumers to use cleaner vehicles and reduce vehicle driving, and establish advanced technology introduction programmes. For local governments, the priorities could be to develop an urban transportation system that encourages the use of public transport and reduces personal vehicle use, establish an I/M (or recall) programme to ensure that individual vehicles meet good emission control conditions, conduct retrofit and scrappage programmes for old polluting vehicles, demonstrate and use advanced vehicle technologies and gradually get the new technologies into the market.
Air pollution challenges and solutions for China's urban transportation development
Luftverschmutzung und Lösungen für den Stadtverkehr in China
International Journal of Environment and Pollution ; 30 , 1 ; 154-171
2007
18 Seiten, 10 Bilder, 5 Tabellen, 21 Quellen
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Englisch
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