The high-temperature heat-transfer media heated up to 950 deg C (or more) in nuclear power plants are necessary for carrying out both the processes for manufacturing hydrogen by a direct decomposition of water or by steam gasification of coal as well as the metallurgical processes and gas-turbine energy production cycles. As estimated, the world consumption of hydrogen will increase up to 800 mln t in 2100 (from 40 mln t in 2000). The main areas of hydrogen consumption in 2100 will include manufacturing motor fuels (450 mln t), synthetic fuels (180 mln t) and ammonia (87.5 mln t). The hydrogen will be also widely used in metallurgy, petroleum refining, methanol production and electronic, pharmaceutical, glass and food-processing industries as well as in space-rocket engineering. Today, the hydrogen is mostly produced by steam conversion of natural gas. The process can be also substantially improved by the replacement of partial methane combustion by nuclear heat source necessary for carrying out the endothermal steam reforming of methane. The use of excess heat generated over the nights in helium-cooled nuclear plant reactors can also contribute to a considerable improvement of the economy of the process for water decomposition to hydrogen and oxygen based on the thermochemical iodine-sulfur cycle or on high-temperature electrolysis of steam. The newly developed modular graphite MGR-T reactor plant (4 modules 600 MW each) combines both production of the high-temperature heat (950 deg C to 1000 deg C) for manufacturing hydrogen and production of electric energy in a direct gas-turbine cycle. The helium heat-carrying medium is operated under pressure 7.5 MPa. The heat and neutron-resistant graphite or graphite-matrix composites will be made of pitch coke. A ceramic heat exchanger will be also included in the reactor system. The working life of the plant is assumed as 60 years. The economic evaluation showed a quite good profitability of the hydrogen production independently on the process used.


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    Titel :

    Commercialization of high-temperature nuclear reactors with helium heat carrier for industrial production of hydrogen


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Titel russisch


    Beteiligte:
    Kostin, V.I. (Autor:in) / Kobocigov, N.G. (Autor:in) / Vasjaev, A.V. (Autor:in) / Golovko, V.F. (Autor:in) / Kuznecov, L.E. (Autor:in) / Ponomarev-Stepnoj, N.N. (Autor:in) / Kucharkin, N.E. (Autor:in) / Stoljarevskij, A.J. (Autor:in)

    Erschienen in:

    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2007


    Format / Umfang :

    6 Seiten, 6 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 5 Quellen



    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Russisch