High-power 18650 Li-ion cells have been developed for hybrid electric vehicle applications as part of the DOE Advanced Technology Development (ATD) program. The thermal abuse response of advanced materials and cells were measured and compared. Cells were constructed for determination of abuse tolerance to determine the thermal runaway response and flammability of evolved gas products during venting. Cathode materials consisted of LiNi(0.85)Co(0.15)O2, LiNi(0.80)Co(0.15)Al(0.05)O2, LiNi(1/3)Co(1/3)Mn(1/3)O2, and stabilized spinel LiMn2O4 while the anodes consisted of either natural or artificial graphites (MCMB, MAG10, and GDR). The anode reactions were shown to determine cell response during the initial low-rate reaction regime (Stage 1 and 2) while the cathode decomposition reaction determined cell response during the high-rate (Stage 3) regime. The morphology of the anode carbon particles was shown to determine the stability and reaction rate of the anode SEI decomposition while the cathode decomposition reaction was determined by the chemical structure and stability of the active metal oxide. In addition, fire retardant additives were tested as possible means to mitigate the abuse response of these cells. Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to measure the thermal response and properties of the cells and cell materials up to 400 C. Improvements in thermal runaway response have been shown using combinations of these materials.
Heat and gas generating reactions of Li-ion cell materials under abuse conditions
Wärme- und Gasentwicklungsreaktionen von Lithiumionenzellenmaterialien unter Missbrauchsbedingungen
2005
12 Seiten, 16 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 9 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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