Liquids are accumulated and stored in tanks of various shapes and sizes throughout the chemical process industries (CPI). A small number of companies have made the design, fabrication and erection of these vessels their specialty. Initially, however, it is the process engineer who sizes and specifies tanks according to a specific application's needs. In order to develop a data sheet for tank specifications, it is important for a process engineer to have a basic understandig of tanks and the related requirements. Tanks are used to store many kinds of liquids. The focus in this paper is on hydrocarbons, which deserve particular care because of their flammable or combustible properties. According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), atmospheric storage tanks are defined as those tanks that are designed to operate at pressures between atmospheric and 6.9 kPa gage, as measured at the top of the tank. Such tanks are built in two basic designs - the cone-roof design where the roof remains fixed, and the floating-roof design where the roof floats on top of the liquid and rises and falls with the liquid level. Floating-roof tanks are classified into external-floating roof design and internal floating roof design. Important parameters for tanks are tank capacity, tank dimension, tank-blanketing requirements, and tank venting with the sub-categories inbreathing, outbreathing, emergency venting on fire exposure, open vents, and pressure/vacuum vents. Providing proper instrumentation in tanks is an important consideration, especially for large tanks that are subjected to frequent filling and emptying. Level, temperature, and pressure and flow are necessary for selecting tank instrumentation. For tank maintenance, auxiliary items such as ladders, staircases, handrails and walkways are particularly important. NFPA provides detailed guidelines for layout and installation of above-ground storage tanks. After the process engineer has considered the basic tank requirements, a tank data sheet can be generated. A typical tank data sheet illustrates all process features of a tank including the dimensions, type, capacity, operating and design conditions, physical properties of the liquid stored, materials of construction, corrosion allowances and insulation. In addition, it contains the details of all nozzles in the tank,their designations, sizes and ratings. A process sketch should also be included as part of the data sheet. The process engineer should also specify instrumentation needs, such as pressure, level and temperature sensors.


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    Titel :

    Understanding atmospheric storage tanks


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Verständnis über Lagertanks unter Atmosphärendruck


    Beteiligte:

    Erschienen in:

    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2006


    Format / Umfang :

    10 Seiten, 4 Bilder, 4 Tabellen, 6 Quellen



    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch







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