The A/C (air conditioning) systems of European cars are based on a variety of different technologies, precluding correlation of A/C activity data collected in tests on the street with emission results from full load testing on the chassis dynamometer. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions have to be measured directly in tests where the cars are exposed to simulated weather conditions in the test facility. Here, the meteorological situation was simulated with temperatures of 13 to 37 deg. C. Solar irradiation on the front of the car was simulated with 800 W/m2 from a surface of 1.7 m2 at an angle of 45 deg. A/C operation results in higher CO2 emissions and fuel consumption in g/km; these levels increase significantly with increasing temperature, remarkably with increasing solar irradiation and significantly with decreasing vehicle speed. However, A/C efficiency decreases significantly at higher vehicle speed. The maximum average extra CO2 results in urban driving at 37 deg. C with the sun shining and amounts to 82.7 g/km. Extra CO2 emissions are not zero but rather 2.4 to 18 g/km at 13 deg. C, due to defogging activity. This highlights the difference from the American situation described in [1]. Roughly no additional extra CO2 is emitted for the initial cooldown situation. Due to lack of space, the effect of A/C activity on emissions of pollutants (CO, HC, NOx), as well as further aspects of these results will be discussed in subsequent publications.
Effect of air conditioning activity on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in europe
2004
8 Seiten, 6 Bilder, 1 Tabelle, 7 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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