The model of excess emissions under cold start conditions for passenger vehicles takes into account driving conditions by average speed, ambient temperature and distance travelled. This model results from measurements made over 4 driving cycles on a range of temperatures from -20 deg. C to 28 deg. C and for 1,556 vehicles. Cold start excess emission is expressed in mass for a pollutant and technology and validated for gasoline and diesel passenger cars, meeting Euro 0 to Euro 4 emission standards. The general formula is written in the form of a reference excess emission multiplied by functions dependent on average speed, ambient temperature and distance travelled. The temperature and speed functions are planes. For the distance travelled, for the sake of simplification, we considered that this influence had an exponential form (dependent on temperature) for all the pollutants, although the form appears to be more complex for NOx. We also considered that the journeys started with a cold engine, i.e. engine temperature was the same as ambient temperature. This cold start excess emission model can only be used if the number and temperature of starts and the distances of journeys are available. In the next stage, European statistics on the subject will be linked with the model presented here so as to produce a more operational version.
Modelling of cold start emissions for passenger cars
2004
8 Seiten, 2 Bilder, 3 Tabellen, 9 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
Tema Archiv | 1998
|Kraftfahrwesen | 1998
|Online Contents | 1998
|Changes in Pollutant Emissions from Passenger Cars Under Cold Start Conditions
SAE Technical Papers | 1996
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BASE | 2012
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