In Sweden, use of biogas as vehicle fuel is being developed and promoted as a result of the biogas surplus and the low electricity price that hinders an economically viable electricity production from biogas. A short overview of European biogas sources, biogas production potential and technology employed for upgrading biogas to natural gas quality is given, and results of a study on economic and technical experience of gas upgrading in Sweden carried out in 2003 are presented. The four principal biogas sources are sewage treatment plants with their sludge digestion stages, landfills, cleaning of organic industrial waste streams in agricultural and meat processing and the digestion of organic waste. There are more than 3000 biogas plants apart from numerous landfills in Europe today, with an estimated production of 92 PJ/year and estimated production potential of 77 PJ/year in 2020. In upgrading biogas to natural gas quality, H2S and surplus CO2 have to be removed. For the CO2 removal, water scrubbing and pressure swing absorption (PSA) are widely employed. Other technologies as membrane or chemical absorption technology can be considered as well but the experience with their use is limited in Sweden. The conclusions of the gas upgrading study can be summarized as follows: the upgrading costs decrease with increasing plant size, totalling about 1.5 EUR-ct/kWh(upgraded gas) for the throughput range of 200 - 300 m3(raw gas)/h; the electricity demand for upgrading corresponds to 3 - 6 % of the energy content in the upgraded gas; common problems in upgrading plants are clogging in water scrubbing systems and valve malfunctions in PSA plants. Dependence of total and investment cost on plant capacity are graphically shown. For example, the total cost for a 300 (m3 gas)/h plant are 0.13 SEK/kWh, investment costs are 7 million SEK per (m3 gas)/h for the same plant. Today, there are more than 4000 vehicles in Sweden running on natural gas and biogas, together with several local urban public transport fleets. Biogas can be regarded as one possible way for a gradual change to hydrogen as an energy carrier. The Swedish experience shows that biogas can be an economically sustainable fuel with a potential to drastically reduce emissions in urban transport.


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    Titel :

    Biogas as transportation fuel


    Weitere Titelangaben:

    Biogas als Kraftstoff für Verkehrsfahrzeuge


    Beteiligte:
    Jönsson, O. (Autor:in) / Persson, M. (Autor:in)


    Erscheinungsdatum :

    2004


    Format / Umfang :

    13 Seiten, 8 Bilder, 7 Quellen


    Medientyp :

    Aufsatz (Konferenz)


    Format :

    Print


    Sprache :

    Englisch




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