Primary radar had already achieved major Safety improvements in air traffic control by 1945, and secondary radar (which required an on-board transponder) would appear around 1960. Demand for on-board positioning to within a few hundred metres led to worldwide adoption of short-range systems like VOR, DME and ADF and long-range systems like Omega and Loran. Then around 1960, ILS emerged in response to demand for electronic assistance for landing in poor weather conditions. MLS, developed around 1970, would allow curved approaches under various gradients, but adoption would prove controversial. Satellite-assisted positioning was developed in the USA in 1968, then adopted by the US military in 1978 following trials begun in 1973. The system was opened up to worldwide civil aviation in 1990, with degraded signals for all but 'authorized' users. Signal degradation was lifted in May 2000, but integrity, availability and continuity conditions would call for development of supplementary Systems. In 2000, Europe went ahead with development of Galileo, scheduled to come into operation in 2008. Electronic aids for controllers appeared around 1985: Maestro came into operation at Roissy in 1997 at the outcome of trials in 1992, culminating development work initiated I-n 1980. On-board electronic systems appeared in 1980, with the electronic instrument panel. Head-up sights reappeared around 1970. On-board digital computers appeared in 1982, and cathode-ray tubes in 1983. The FMS flight controller was introduced around 1990. Electronic systems have phased out traditional aircraft altitude control in favour of trajectory control (Airbus, 1983). Over the next two yearn, ADS-B will bring capabilities for periodic transmission of aircraft position determined on-board.
Impacts de l'electronique en aeronautique entre 1953 et 2003
Einsatz der Elektronik in der Aeronautik von 1953 bis 2003
2004
17 Seiten, 4 Bilder
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Französisch
Anflugradar , Bahnsteuerung , Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem , Flugregelung , Flugsicherung , Flugzeugelektronik , Funkbake , Funknavigation , Funkortung , Funkpeilung , globales Navigationssystem , Hyperbelnavigation , Instrumentenlandeverfahren , Kollisionsschutz , Mikrowelle , Omega-Navigation , Rechnerunterstützung , Satellitennavigation , Technikgeschichte , Transponder , Verkehrsregelung , Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle
RECHERCHE: La logique "floue" entre en aéronautique
Online Contents | 1994
L'electronique reconfigure l'automobile
Kraftfahrwesen | 2000
Aéronautique et aéronautique marchande
TIBKAT | 21.1939 - 22.1940 = Nr. 237-253; damit Ersch. eingest.
AÉRONAUTIQUE - Rivalité exacerbée entre Mi-28 et Ka-50.
Online Contents | 1996