Landers, as autonomous instrument carrier systems, are used to study processes at the benthic boundary layer. They are usually deployed on the seafloor at depths of several hundred to 6,000 metres beyond the reach of remote sensing and conventional systems. After reaching the seafloor in a free-fall mode, an onboard command system starts the deep-sea experiment. At the end of the mission an acoustic command releases the ballast weights, and the lander rises by the virtue of its positive buoyancy to the sea surface. The first steps toward the development of successful deep-sea autonomous vehicles were taken in the United States in the late 1970s by the development of the free vehicle grab respirometer (FVGR) and Manganese Nodule Project (MANOP) Lander.
GEOMAR landers as long-term deep-sea observatories
Sea Technology ; 44 , 9 ; 50-55
2003
6 Seiten
Aufsatz (Zeitschrift)
Englisch
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