Driver errors cause a majority of all car accidents. Forward collision avoidance systems aim at avoiding, or at least mitigating, host vehicle frontal collisions, of which rear-end collisions are one of the most common. This is done by either warning the driver or barking or steering away, respectively, where each action requires its own considerations and design. We here focus on forward collision by braking, and present a general method for calculating the risk for collision. A brake maneuver is activated to mitigate the accident when the probability of collision is one, taking all driver actions into considerations. The main advantages of the method are: -The use of modern tracking theory makes it straight forward how to deal with measurement and process noise; -Motion in two dimensions is considered. The prototype system presented in this paper significantly reduces the impact speed in frontal collisions. Interventions typically occur when the obstacle is closer than 20 m away from the CMBB vehicle (Collision Mitigation By Braking). More than 90 % of all rear end collisions occur at relative speeds below 100 km/h. A sensor with shorter detection range but a larger field of view might be more appropriate for collision mitigation purposes. We describe results from a simulation study using a large number of scenarios, created from extensive accident statistics. We also show some results from an implementation of a forward collision avoidance system in a Volvo V70. the system has been tested in real traffic, and in collision scenarios (with an inflatable car) showing promising results.
Decision making for collision avoidance systems
Entscheidungsfindung für Systeme zur Kollisionsvermeidung
Intelligent Vehicles: Crash Avoidance Safety, and Driver Information, 2002, SAE World Congress, 2002 ; 29-36
2002
8 Seiten, 17 Bilder, 17 Quellen
Aufsatz (Konferenz)
Englisch
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